Automatic design for shop scheduling strategies based on hyper-heuristics: A systematic review

Against the background of smart manufacturing and Industry 4.0, how to achieve real-time scheduling has become a problem to be solved. In this regard, automatic design for shop scheduling based on hyper-heuristics has been widely studied, and a number of reviews and scheduling algorithms have been presented. Few studies, however, have specifically discussed the technical points involved in algorithm development. This study, therefore, constructs a general framework for automatic design for shop scheduling strategies based on hyper-heuristics, and various state-of-the-art technical points in the development process are summarized. First, we summarize the existing types of shop scheduling strategies and classify them using a new classification method. Second, we summarize an automatic design algorithm for shop scheduling. Then, we investigate surrogate-assisted methods that are popular in the current algorithm field. Finally, current problems and challenges are discussed, and potential directions for future research are proposed.     

不同应力状态下的高强钢板断裂机理及预测

板料成形过程的宏观断裂行为依赖于其微观断裂机理，因此成形过程模拟中的断裂准则的准确选择对于断裂预测具有重要意义。以高强钢TRIP780板料为研究对象，设计从剪切到拉伸应力状态的五种断裂试验，结合宏观拉伸试验和扫描电子显微镜（Scanning electron microscope，SEM）分析研究不同应力状态下TRIP780板料的断裂机理，得到不同应力状态下正应力和切应力与断裂机理的关联关系，引入正应力与切应力的影响构建MMC断裂准则，应用于板料压剪应力区间的断裂行为预测。结果表明，反映断裂机理的MMC准则能适用于板料压剪和拉剪变形应力状态下断裂失效的准确预测。     

5754铝合金板材冲压成形材料模型研究与应用

建立准确的材料模型是冲压数值模拟的基础,通过3个方向的单向拉伸试验、以及单向压缩试验和成形极限试验,获得5754铝合金材料性能数据,基于Voce硬化模型、Barlat89屈服准则和成形极限,建立5754铝合金成形用材料模型。利用Pamstamp-2G软件,对5754铝合金汽车大梁的冲压成形进行数值模拟,并与冲压试验结果进行对比。结果表明:数值模拟获得的应变数据与试验测量获得的应变数据比较接近,且各区域最大减薄率误差在±10%以内,验证数值模拟的可靠性。     

Three-dimensional upper bound limit analysis of underground cavities using nonlinear Baker failure criterion

A generalized nonlinear Baker failure criterion is employed with the upper bound limit analysis to study the surrounding rock stability of underground cavities. A three-dimensional (3D) failure mode is established by extending the two-dimensional (2D) failure mode, which offers an upper bound expression of the surrounding rock pressure. This method is validated with a series of examples before the influence of four parameters of scale parameter, curvature parameter, shift parameter and lateral pressure coefficient, on the surrounding rock pressure is analyzed. According to these results, failure ranges of the underground cavities are determined. The following conclusions are reached: (1) the proposed approach is more accurate to predict surrounding rock pressure than the Mohr−Coulomb failure criterion; (2) the surrounding rock with large scale parameter, curvature parameter, shift parameter, and lateral pressure coefficient can lead to a more stable underground cavity; (3) the failure range in 3D mode can be predicted according to the upper bound solutions.     

Prediction of hot tearing susceptibility of direct chill casting of AA6111 alloys via finite element simulations

To predict hot tearing susceptibility (HTS) during solidification and improve the quality of Al alloy castings, constitutive equations for AA6111 alloys were developed using a direct finite element (FE) method. A hot tearing model was established for direct chill (DC) casting of industrial AA6111 alloys via coupling FE model and hot tearing criterion. By applying this model to real manufacture processes, the effects of casting speed, bottom cooling, secondary cooling, and geometric variations on the HTS were revealed. The results show that the HTS of the billet increases as the speed and billet radius increase, while it reduces as the interfacial heat transfer coefficient at the bottom or secondary water-cooling rate increases. This model shows the capabilities of incorporating maximum pore fraction in simulating hot tearing initiation, which will have a significant impact on optimizing casting conditions and chemistry for minimizing HTS and thus controlling the casting quality.     

基于Druck-Prager和MISO模型的混凝土 三轴压缩行为有限元模拟

本文采用有限元分析软件ANSYS模拟了不同围压(0,25.5,51.2 MPa)条件下素混凝土圆柱试样压缩响应特征。首先,综合对比分析了Druck-Prager模型及多线性强化(MISO)模型的模拟效果。此外,进一步基于MISO模型分析了混凝土试件端部约束条件对模拟结果的影响。最终得到的主要结论包括:(1)单轴压缩条件下,有限元模拟结果与试验结果一致性较好,且Druck-Prager模型更适宜模拟混凝土体应变特征;(2)施加围压时,MISO模型所得抗压强度较保守,而Druck-Prager模型高估了混凝土抗压强度;(3)就MISO模型而言,端部摩擦约束对混凝土应力—应变曲线无显著影响,但会加剧混凝土体积膨胀(剪胀)。     

Hot cracking tendency test and simulation of 7075 semi-solid aluminium alloy

The hot cracking tendency of 7075 semi-solid alloy under different conditions was studied by critical diameter method. The experiment and simulation results show that the dendrite arms of the rod grow from the edge to the center. The smaller the diameter of the rod is, the more obvious the directional growth of dendrite is, and the greater the tendency of hot cracking is. Compared with ordinary melt, for semi-solid slurry, increasing mould temperature or decreasing pouring temperature can significantly decrease hot cracking tendency of 7075 alloy, decreasing hot cracking grade from 256 to 100 mm². Furthermore, based on the RDG criterion, the effects of solidification conditions on the hot cracking tendency were discussed combined with simulation. At the same time, the application and development of RDG criterion were also researched.     

Statistical Data Analysis in the Era of Big Data

Big data is on everyone's lips and often raises emotions. On the one hand, the notion is a basis for much technological optimism, mostly directed towards new business models, or simplifications and optimizations in professional and private life. On the other hand, it is a basis for dystopic perspectives, which are targeted, e.g., at profiling of the individual and their privacy space, overarching optimization in daily life and intransparency of decision making. In this article, after a short historical prolog, it is discussed what distinguishes big data from traditional data analysis. The underlying mathematical methods are introduced and scientific successes are reported. Additionally, the risks and limits – especially regarding the derivation of causal relationships – of data analysis are discussed.     

Modeling the thermal shock induced cracking in ceramics

Prediction of surface cracking in ceramics due to quenching is performed numerically using either the coupled criterion or a cohesive zone model. Under such a thermal shock, a network of short cracks with minimal spacing between them initiate and propagate until some of them stop while the others continue propagating. The numerical implementation consists of a periodic array of cracks modeled by a representative volume element. It allows crack initiation, simultaneous propagation and period doubling to be predicted. The investigation of the crack period doubling allows a precise determination of the optimal crack spacing, which decreases with an increasing thermal shock amplitude. The predicted crack spacing results are in agreement with experimental measurements.